Chicago Common Brick and Street Paver Brick History.

Chicago was built and rebuilt after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 using Chicago common brick. Also produced for roadways and fancy building brickwork were known as Chicago Street Paver Bricks," all of which were produced in Chicago from local clay. Although some people assume the streets were "cobblestone," Chicago DID NOT use cobblestone for public works.

Chicago Street Paver Bricks - These have been saved from street resurfacing projects.

Chicago bricks look different from bricks produced in other regions due to the geological composition of the clay in our area and the method used to fire the bricks. This clay produced salmon and buff shades of color when it was heated intensely in the old brick making process. These colors are uniquely different from the reds, creams, and browns found in other regions.

Original surface uncovered Trolley Tracks and Setts (see below) around the heavily used tracks.

Chicago Street Paver Bricks uncovered.

In the peak of Chicago common brick production, Chicago was home to over 60 different brick manufacturers, some of which started in 1872 to keep up with the demand for Chicago common brick after the Great Fire.

The Front and street side of 1363 N. Bosworth, Chicago. The front facade is the most heavily composed side, with stone and Chicago Street Paver bricks (heavily articulated finish brick). The street-side comes second, with a lesser grade of brick but still ornamented with considerable corbeled brickwork.

Street Pavers were much denser than the common bricks used for buildings, although some multi-unit properties use the Street Pavers for the front facade of the building. When the Street Pavers became worn under heavy traffic or damaged in some way, they were individually dug-up and flipped over, putting the previous underside on top which gave the repair a like-new quality.

The rear of 1363 N. Bosworth, Chicago, Illinois. The utterly plain backside is done in Chicago common brick.

Demand for Chicago common bricks eventually decreased with the increased use of concrete block and wood and the remaining brick production companies in Chicago were consolidated under one company name, the Illinois Brick Company. 

Then Congress passed the Clean Air Act in 1970 and the newly established Environmental Protection Agency required the Illinois Brick Company to bring their kilns and processing facilities into compliance with new regulations. This would have cost the Illinois Brick Company millions of dollars so, rather than complying, they decided to shut down brick manufacturing operations.

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NOTE: 

As seen in this image, Sett granite pavers, cut like brick were used mostly by industry's where there was heavy traffic, for a business that uses heavy construction vehicles and around railroad track spurs and loading docks. You can see from this picture that cobblestone was not used in Chicago.

For people that insist Chicago used cobblestone on the streets, contact the experts at:

Colonial Brick Company at 2222 S. Halsted, Chicago.
"Specializing in Chicago Antique Brick since 1968." 
312-733-2600

They will verify that Chicago did not use cobblestone for street paving. They were Chicago Street Paver Bricks. They reclaim, clean, and resell Chicago Street Paver Bricks for commercial use.

Learn about Chicago Belgian woodblock paving.

Compiled by Neil Gale, Ph.D.

Lost Towns of Illinois - Miles Station, Illinois

Miles Station, Illinois, was first known as the "Providence" village, but later the name was changed to honor Jonathan Rice Miles. It was located in Brighton Township in Macoupin County, today, it would have been in Brighton, Illinois. A road still holds the name Miles Station Road.

Alexander Miles was a native of North Carolina. He was married in Tennessee to Mary Irvin, who was a native of Georgia, and with his wife and family settled in Macoupin County in 1832, becoming pioneers of Brighton Township. They were the parents of Colonel Jonathan Rice Miles, who was born in Kentucky in 1820 and moved with his parents to Macoupin County. 

In 1837, some forty persons came to the settlement village of Providence. They all resided in the colony house for some time but soon could erect dwellings for themselves. 

Jonathan Miles built the first mill (steam-powered) in the section of the county where he lived. It drew farmers from miles around, and Miles and his partners had a successful grain business known as Gilbert, Miles, and Stanard in St. Louis, Missouri. Miles was enterprising and industrious. He was only in business a short time before he was earning a good income. The reward of his labors had made him a wealthy man.

Miles convinced the railroad to build their line through his town and then sold them lumber with which to lay the tracks. When the railroad wouldn't pay him for the lumber, Miles hired a young lawyer from Springfield named Abraham Lincoln to represent him. Lincoln won the case along with some other cases on behalf of area settlers.

A Post Office was established on August 31, 1856.

At the beginning of the Civil war, he formed a company in August of 1861, which was organized as Company “F” of the Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, which saw much service under his captaincy. In 1862 he was promoted to the rank of colonel and participated in many important battles. 

In October of 1867, the town was renamed Miles Station because it was largely through Col. Miles's influence that the Chicago & Alton railroad was built through the place. The town was platted and surveyed by S. F. Spaulding in 1869, the same year that Colonel Jonathan Miles married Eliza A. Stratton, a native of Kentucky.

At some point, Jonathan became the Postmaster for Miles Station.

The Colonel lived a retired life for many years, occupying a commodious but modest home in the quiet little village that bore his name. He died there on April 1, 1903.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.

Keeley Brewing Company of Chicago. 1876-1953

Keeley Brewing Company, 516 (now 462) East 28th Street, Chicago, Illinois. 

Phone: CAlumet 2030.

Not much is known about the Keeley Brewing Company. At the time of Prohibition in 1920, Chicago had well over 100 breweries. Many produced a near-beer while others bottled soda-pop during the Prohibition. Many closed and did not reopen after the the Prohibition was repealed in 1933.

Keeley chose to shut down operations in 1920. They reopened in 1933. 

Following is a timeline for Keeley:

Michael Keeley Brewery 1876-1878
Keeley Brewing Co. 1878-1920

Readdressed to 28th & Groveland Park Avenue (now Ellis Avenue), Chicago, Circa 1900
Brewery operations shut down by National Prohibition in 1920; Issued permit ILL-U-727A allowing the operation of a brewery after Repeal 1933

Keeley Brewing Co. 1933-1953
Keeley Brewing Co. Closed in 1953

Products List:

English Club Pale Beer 1933 - 1936
Keeley Malt Tonic 1933 - 1936
Olde Stout Beer 1933 - 1936
Keeley Stout 1933 - 1946
Ye Olde Inn Ale 1933 - 1946
Ye Olde Stout 1933 - 1946
Keeley Ale 1933 - 1953
Keeley Bock 1933 - 1953
Keeley Half & Half 1933 - 1953
Keeley Draught Bottled Beer 1933 - 1953
Keeley lager Beer 1933 - 1953
Olde Stout 1946 - 1950 

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Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.