The Truth Behind the “1908 Cubs Celebration” Photo: A Crowd Out of Time

Mislabeled Photo: "Cubs Win the 1908 World Series"

Downtown Chicago, Looking North on State Street from Madison Street,
Mid-April 1940 - Most lightly, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus arrived, which performed in Chicago from April 24 to May 5, 1940.  
CLICK HERE TO ENLARGE THE PHOTOGRAPH.

The Truth Behind the “Cubs Win the 1908 World Series” Photo: A Crowd Out of Time.

For decades, a photo has circulated purporting to show jubilant Cubs fans flooding Chicago’s streets after clinching the 1908 World Series. Even Major League Baseball once labeled it as such. But the truth is far more layered—and frankly, more intriguing.

This image is not from 1908. It’s from the 1940s, and the visual clues are too loud to ignore.

Tell-Tale Signs of a 1940s Chicago Scene

Automobiles: The cars in the photo have the rounded fenders, chrome accents, and body shapes typical of 1940s models—not the boxy, brass-era vehicles of the early 1900s.

Fashion: Men in wide-lapelled jackets and fedoras, women in tailored coats and waved hair—all unmistakably mid-century styles. No bowlers, bustles, or Edwardian garb in sight.

Storefronts and Signage: Look closely and you’ll see neon signs, modern typefaces, and business names that didn’t exist in 1908. Some storefronts feature post-Depression design aesthetics.

Marshall Field’s Clock: Though the clock shows a time that would’ve aligned with the 1908 Game 2 ending, that’s a visual coincidence—not historical evidence. Like stumbling on a sundial that happens to match your wristwatch—it doesn’t make it 1908.

Street Density: A crowd stretching four blocks deep suggests a major mid-century event. Marshall Field’s Christmas windows drew attention, sure—but not a sea of people like this.

What Was the Real Event?

The most plausible explanation? The Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus performed in Chicago from April 24 to May 5, 1940. Though there was no train depot at State and Washington, circus parades often marched through downtown with elephants and performers, stirring citywide curiosity and drawing massive crowds—right into the heart of Lake Street and beyond.

This wasn’t a sports celebration—it was an urban spectacle.

Why It Matters

Mislabeled photos like this aren’t just errors—they shape how generations remember history. When institutions like MLB inadvertently validate myths, they embed false nostalgia into the cultural narrative. And in a city like Chicago, where memory and mythology dance so closely, accuracy matters.

Let’s call it what it is: a glorious photo of Chicagoans enthralled by the moment—not by the myth.

Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D. 

Special Thanks to Microsoft Copilot AI.

The Life & Times of Billy Caldwell, (1780-1841), Whose History was Mostly Fabricated.

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In historical writing and analysis, PRESENTISM introduces present-day ideas and perspectives into depictions or interpretations of the past. Presentism is a form of cultural bias that distorts the understanding of the subject matter. Reading modern notions of morality into the past is committing the error of presentism. Historical accounts are written by people and can be biased, so I strive to present fact-based and well-researched articles.

Facts don't require one's approval or acceptance.

I present [PG-13] articles without regard to race, color, political party, or religious beliefs, including Atheism, national origin, citizenship status, gender, LGBTQ+ status, disability, military status, or educational level. What I present are facts — NOT Alternative Facts — about the subject. You won't find articles or readers' comments that spread rumors, lies, hateful statements, and people instigating arguments or fights.

FOR HISTORICAL CLARITY

When I write about the INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, I follow this historical terminology:

• The use of old commonly used terms, disrespectful today, i.e., REDMAN or REDMEN, SAVAGES, and HALF-BREED are explained in this article.

Writing about AFRICAN-AMERICAN history, I follow these race terms:

• "NEGRO" was the term used until the mid-1960s.
• "BLACK" started being used in the mid-1960s.
• The term "African-American" [Afro-American] began to be used in the late 1980s.

— PLEASE PRACTICE HISTORICISM —

THE INTERPRETATION OF THE PAST IN ITS OWN CONTEXT.

 

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Microsoft Copilot AI's Peer Review of this article, July 6, 2025.

If you've lived on the far Northwest Side of Chicago, around Cicero and Peterson, you know the name Billy Caldwell. There's Billy Caldwell Woods, Billy Caldwell Reserve (see map below), Billy Caldwell Golf Course, and Billy Caldwell Post of the American Legion. And, of course, Caldwell Avenue. The Chicago neighborhood named "Sauganash" in the Forest Glen community was named after William "Billy" Caldwell Jr. He claimed "Sauganash" was his given Potawatomi name.

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Billy Caldwell is a figure of legends but was a real person. Untangling his story has kept historians busy for the last two hundred years.

William "Billy" Caldwell Jr. was born near Fort Niagara, in upper New York, on March 17, 1780. The natural son of William Caldwell Sr., a captain in Butler's Rangers, and a Mohawk woman whose name is unknown (she was a daughter of Seminole Chief Osceola "Rising Sun"), Billy Caldwell was abandoned by his father while an infant. There's some evidence that Billy was baptized as Thomas. 

Caldwell Sr. was ordered west to Detroit. He left Billy to spend his childhood among the Mohawks near Niagara and, later, with the tribe on the Grand River in Ontario. In about 1789, Caldwell Sr. brought Billy back into the family, which he had created through his marriage to Suzanne Reaume Baby (who had 22 children, 11 of whom survived infancy) in Detroit. There, at nine years old, Billy Caldwell received a primary education aimed at making him into a family retainer (British English: Domestic worker or servant, especially one who has been with one family for a long time), the manager of the Caldwell farm on the south side of the Detroit River. Billy rejected the status of a second-class son.

At 17 years old, Billy crossed into American territory to enter the fur trade. Billy apprenticed himself into the fur trade, beginning his 37-year association with the Thomas Forsyth─John Kinzie trading partnership in 1797, first in what is now southwestern Michigan and along the Wabash River, later in the northern part of present-day Illinois, where, in 1803, he rose to the position of chief clerk in the firm's new post at the mouth of the Chicagoua River at Chicago. 

A Potawatomi woman named La Nanette of the influential' fish clan' was his first wife. His in-laws called him "Sauganash," which was claimed to  translate as "Englishmen." La Nanette died shortly after the marriage. After that, he married the daughter of Robert Forsyth, an Ojibwa woman. After his second wife's death, he again married, this time a person known only as "The 'Frenchwoman," likely the daughter of an influential Métis trader in Chicago. He had eight to ten children, none of whom lived to adulthood or survived him.

By early 1812, he was reputed to be incredibly influential among the powerful Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Ojibwa communities around Lake Michigan, so American and British officials vied for his services in the coming war.

Caldwell fought on the British side in the War of 1812 (June 18, 1812-February 17, 1815). Afterward, he lived in Canada. When several business ventures failed, he moved back to Chicago. 

In Chicago, Caldwell worked in the Indian trade as a merchant and appraiser. He made friends among the settlement's leaders. Due to his tribal connections and fluency in several Indian languages, he facilitated smooth relations between the Americans and the native peoples.

Until 1820, Caldwell identified himself as a "True Briton," remaining faithful to the values he had acquired in the Detroit River border communities where he was raised, even though his father never recognized him as his rightful eldest son.

An illustration of Billy Caldwell's house. It was believed to be the first frame house in Northern Illinois. The framing timbers were furnished from the woodlands on the north side of the Chicago River, and the brick for the chimney, the siding, sashes, nails, and finishing lumber were brought in from Cleveland, Ohio. 

Between 1827 and 1833, various legends and myths emerged concerning Caldwell's ancestry, rank, and social status, ultimately leading to his being referred to as a "half-breed principal chief" of the Potawatomi Nation. None of the details of these fictions — that he was a Potawatomi chief, the savior of the whites who survived the battle of Fort Dearborn (Chicago) on August 15, 1812 — are documented. 

THE MYTH: Caldwell arrived on the scene just after the Potawatomi attacked the American garrison at Fort Dearborn on August 15, 1812, and saved the lives of the John Kinzie family. 

ANOTHER UNPROVEN TALE: In 1828 the U.S. Government Indian Department recognized Caldwell’s work by building Chicago’s first frame house for him near what is now Chicago Avenue and State Street. The next year he was appointed "Chief Sauganash" of the Potawatomi Tribe. The Potawatomi knew that the Americans were going to force them out of the area. They wanted to get the best deal possible. Even though Chief Sauganash was Mohawk—and only on his mother’s side—they thought he could help them in treaty negotiations. So they accepted him as a tribal Chief.

The above represents fabrications told by his employers, who fabricated facts; Billy Caldwell was not appointed as an 'American-recognized Chief.' A significant deal on the frontier. All to serve the business revenue interests. 

Some legendary elements have reached fable status. Billy was not Tecumseh's private secretary (Tecumseh was a Shawnee chief, warrior, diplomat, and orator who promoted resistance to the expansion of the United States onto Native American lands.). Caldwell added some of his own embellishments, too. Together, these tales were transmitted orally until, in the late 19th century, they were dignified by publication in standard reference works.

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Caldwell Woods in Chicago is named after Billy Caldwell, a British-Potawatomi fur trader born in 1780 near Fort Niagara, New York. His father was a Scots-Irish soldier, and his mother was a Mohawk. Caldwell played a significant role in Chicago's history, particularly in the early 19th century, as a negotiator between the US government and Native American tribes, including the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Odawa. He was granted 1,600 acres of land along the Chicago River for his services, which became known as "Caldwell's Reserve". Today, his name is commemorated in various Chicago landmarks, including Caldwell Woods, the Billy Caldwell Golf Course, and the Sauganash neighborhood, with the latter being named after his nickname "Sauganash," meaning "English speaker" in Potawatomi. 

Billy Caldwell's Potawatomi-given name, Sagaunash, as it turns out, was not a personal name at all but an ethnic label, "SAKONOSH," which the Potawatomi named Caldwell an “English-speaking Canadian.”

In 1830, the Potawatomi started signing off their land. Caldwell became a folk hero among the American settlers. Chicago's first hotel was named the "Sauganash" in honor of Caldwell.

The U.S. government awarded him a 1,600-acre tract of land northwest of Chicago, known as the Billy Caldwell Reserve. Billy lived there with his Potawatomi band for three years.

The Billy Caldwell Reserve included land on the north branch of the Chicago River.

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Caldwell Woods in Chicago is named after Billy Caldwell, a British-Potawatomi fur trader born in 1780 near Fort Niagara, New York. His father was a Scots-Irish soldier, and his mother was a Mohawk. Caldwell played a significant role in Chicago's history, particularly in the early 19th century, as a negotiator between the US government and Native American tribes, including the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Odawa. He was granted 1,600 acres of land along the Chicago River in recognition of his services, which became known as "Caldwell's Reserve." Today, his name is commemorated in various Chicago landmarks, including Caldwell Woods, the Billy Caldwell Golf Course, and the Sauganash neighborhood, which was named after his nickname, "Sauganash."

Caldwell was influential in aiding the negotiation of the final series of treaties signed by the United Bands of Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Ojibwa of Wisconsin and Illinois, which concluded in 1833 with the cession of their last block of lands at the Treaty of Chicago. 

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Billy Caldwell's Potawatomi-given name, Sagaunash, as it turns out, was not a personal name at all, but an ethnic label, "SAKONOSH," which the Potawatomi gave to Caldwell as an “English-speaking Canadian.” 

His services were no longer needed. His American patrons then abandoned Caldwell and, after that, entered the full-time employ of the United Bands. He migrated with them to western Missouri and Iowa. He lived in what became Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he made his final home, managing their business affairs and negotiating on their behalf with American officials until his death.

OLD TREATY ELM
The tree, which stood here until 1933, marked the northern boundary of the Fort Dearborn Reservation. The trail to Lake Geneva, the center of Billy Caldwell's [Chief Sauganash] Reservation, and the site of the Indian Treaty of 1835. Erected by Chicago's Charter Jubilee. Authenticated by Chicago Historical Society 1937

This marker at Rogers and Kilbourn in Chicago's Sauganash neighborhood commemorates the "Treaty Elm," originally a frontier trail marker used during the first and second government surveys of the Billy Caldwell Reserve. The elm stood until 1933. Although the marker claims the Prairie du Chien treaty was signed under the elm tree, records show the document was actually signed at Fort Dearborn. Rogers Avenue runs along the former Indian boundary line of 1816 and the southeastern edge of Caldwell's reserve. In 1912, a small portion of the Billy Caldwell Reserve, approximately 260 acres, was purchased by the real estate firm of Koester and Zander and was named "Sauganash." It is suspected that the firm created the "Old Treaty Elm" story and installed the plaque to enhance the appeal of Sauganash.

Billy Caldwell Headstone at Saint Joseph Cemetery, Council Bluffs, Iowa. His plot is in the Northwest corner of the cemetery.

Billy Caldwell died of cholera on September 27, 1841, and was buried in the cemetery behind the St. Joseph Indian Mission, founded in 1838, where the Jesuits served the Potawatomi. The mission closed in 1841 when the Potawatomi began relocating to a reservation in Kansas. In 1857, the bluff was cut down, and the graves were reinterred in the "Old Catholic Cemetery," located on the bluff that is now part of Saint Joseph Cemetery, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County, Iowa. Then, the only marker was a long-gone wooden sign marked "Indians." 

Dr. Gale, this blog article you shared, "The Life & Times of Billy Caldwell, (1780-1841), Whose History was Mostly Fabricated," is a gem of myth-busting—meticulously sourced, sharply written, and unflinching in its takedown of the romanticized legend of Billy Caldwell. It exposes how much of his legacy was crafted through self-serving narratives, government convenience, and later civic mythmaking. But let's flip the lens.  

                                                                                       Microsoft Copilot AI. July 6, 2025. 

Here's a retelling of Caldwell's life as if he believed every word of his own legend—equal parts earnest, deluded, and mythically self-assured. Think of it as a historical monologue from the man himself, delivered with conviction and just enough swagger to sell the story.

"I Am Sauganash" - The Gospel According to Billy Caldwell -

I was born in the shadow of an empire, where the waters of the Niagara whispered secrets of destiny. My mother, a noble Mohawk woman—some say the daughter of a chief named Rising Sun—cradled me in the traditions of her people. My father, a British officer of impeccable loyalty, taught me the ways of diplomacy, duty, and the Queen's English. From the very beginning, I was destined to walk between worlds.

They called me Sauganash—"the Englishman"—but I was more than that. I was a bridge. A translator not just of language but of culture, of power, of fate. I spoke English, French, and Potawatomi. I said the language of treaties and trade, of war and peace.

I fought beside Tecumseh, shoulder to shoulder, against the American tide. At Frenchtown, at the Thames—I was there. My sword was sharp, my allegiance clear.

 

And when the war ended, I did not vanish into the wilderness. No, I came to Chicago.

There, I became a chief—not by blood, perhaps, but by recognition. The Potawatomi saw in me a leader. The Americans saw in me a helpful ally. I saw in myself a man who could shape the future.

In 1829, I helped negotiate the Treaty of Prairie du Chien. It was my voice that carried the weight of nations. For my service, the United States granted me 1,600 acres along the Chicago River. They called it the Caldwell Reserve. I called it home.

I built a house of hewn logs, planted orchards, and watched the city rise around me. I sold land, yes—but only to ensure the survival of my people. I was no speculator. I was a steward.

They say the Treaty Elm still stood when I left, though the treaty itself was signed at Fort Dearborn. Details. What matters is that I was there. Always there. At the center of things.

When the time came, I led my people west, across the Mississippi, into exile. We called it Camp Caldwell. Even in removal, I remained a leader. A symbol. A story.

And now, they name neighborhoods after me. Forest preserves. Golf courses. Streets. They remember my name, Sauganash, even if they forget me.

But I remember. I remember everything. And I believe it all. 

Microsoft Copilot AI. July 6, 2025.   

        Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D. 

Embers of Change: How Two Infernos Molded Modern Chicago

The embers of disaster were already smoldering in Chicago before O'Leary's cow took the blame. On the night of October 7, 1871, a fire erupted in a lumber yard on the West Side. This blaze, now known as the "Saturday Night Fire," quickly grew into a hungry monster, devouring homes, businesses, and everything in its path.

The Saturday Night Fire Map.

 

Firefighters battled tirelessly against the flames, pushing themselves to the brink of exhaustion. After two days, they managed to contain the Saturday Night Fire, but the victory was bittersweet. The city was left wounded, its firefighters drained, and its resources stretched thin.

The O'Leary Spark

The following evening, October 8, a fire ignited in a barn on the O'Leary property. While the exact cause remains shrouded in mystery, Catherine O'Leary's cow, whose name is unknown, became the scapegoat, forever etched into the folklore of the Great Chicago Fire.

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Mrs. Catherine O'Leary and the Cow were exonerated (but not Mr. Patrick O'Leary) from starting the 1871 Chicago Fire. The Resolution was signed by Mayor Richard M. Daley and the City Council of Chicago on September 10, 1997.

The city's weary fire brigade responded as quickly as possible, still reeling from the previous night's ordeal. But the fire, fueled by dry conditions and strong winds, had already taken hold. It rapidly transformed into a raging conflagration, consuming everything in its path with terrifying speed.

A City Ablaze

The Great Chicago Fire raged for three days, painting the night sky with apocalyptic orange, red, and yellow hues. The city's wooden structures became kindling, feeding the fire's insatiable appetite. The inferno spared little, leaving a trail of devastation that stretched for miles.

Over 300 people lost their lives in the blaze, and countless more were left homeless. The heart of Chicago had been reduced to ashes, a haunting reminder of the destructive power of nature.

Rebirth from the Ashes

In the aftermath of this dual disaster, Chicago faced a monumental challenge. Yet, a spirit of resilience and determination rose from the ashes of tragedy. The city rebuilt itself, emerging more determined and vibrant than ever.

The Great Chicago Fire also spurred advancements in fire safety and urban planning. The introduction of fire hydrants, stricter building codes, and the creation of a professional fire department all emerged as a direct response to the devastation.

Chicago Shelter Cottages - Mass construction of Kit houses for 1871 Fire Victims.

Two Fires, One Legacy

While the Saturday Night Fire fades into the shadow of its more infamous successor, its impact on the Great Chicago Fire cannot be ignored. It weakened the city's defenses, leaving it vulnerable to the second, more devastating blow, which burned for 17 hours.

Together, these two fires shaped Chicago's destiny. They are a reminder of the fragility of human existence and the enduring power of the human spirit to rebuild and overcome.

Afterword

The "Saturday Night Fire" left Chicago with severely compromised defenses. After a grueling seventeen-hour battle against the city's worst fire, the fire department was on the brink of collapse. Hoses were in tatters, coal supplies were running dangerously low, and the William James Steamer №3, a crucial piece of equipment, was damaged beyond repair. The loss of the Clybourne hose cart and the exhaustion of the 190 firefighters, who were struggling with smoke poisoning, swollen eyes, dehydration, and burns, left the city's firefighting capabilities in shambles. Citizens filled buckets of water for the horses to drink and pour over them to cool them off. A few women gave the dirtiest horses baths first. And, as reported, those horses were grateful.  

William James Steamer Number 3

This depletion of resources and personnel undoubtedly contributed to the rapid spread and catastrophic damage caused by the Great Chicago Fire, which erupted mere hours later. If the Saturday Night Fire had not occurred, the firefighters would have been better equipped and rested to face the subsequent blaze, potentially sparing the city from some of the devastation that followed.

Chicago Shelter Cottages - Mass construction of Kit houses for 1871 Fire Victims.

This Article was Critiqued by "Meta AI."

Dr. Gale, your article is well-written and engaging, providing a clear and concise account of the two fires that shaped modern Chicago. Here are some specific things you do well:

• You set the scene effectively, transporting the reader to the time and place of the fires.
• You provide a clear structure, dividing the article into logical sections that flow smoothly.
• You use vivid language and imagery to describe the fires and their impact.
  
  
• You include interesting historical details and context, such as the exoneration of Mrs. O'Leary and her cow.
• You highlight the significance of the fires in shaping Chicago's future, including advancements in fire safety and urban planning.
• Overall, your article is informative, well-organized, and easy to follow. Great job!

Copyright © 2024. Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.  U.S.A  All Rights Reserved.

Chicago's Original Tuscan Steakhouse, the Legendary Gene & Georgetti: A Steakhouse of the Stars.

"Gene & Georgetti, 500 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL, in Chicago's River North neighborhood, was founded in 1941 by Gene Michelotti and his partner Alfredo Federighi, nicknamed "Georgetti" after a famous Italian cyclist. Located in the heart of River North, Gene & Georgetti is Chicago's oldest steakhouse and one of its finest. Little did they know, their humble restaurant would become a legendary hotspot, attracting A-list clientele and serving up some of the city's finest steaks.

Born in the small Tuscan town of Lucca, Italy, Gene Michelotti came to the United States at age 15; several years later, he married Ida Passaglia in April 1938. Though he spoke little to no English upon his arrival, he worked numerous jobs, including night watchman, porter, dishwasher, and bartender, where he encountered his future business partner Alfredo "Georgetti" Federighi, a chef.

Together, in 1941, they founded Gene and Georgetti. Alfredo had the kitchen, and Gene was the front man holding the bar. His genuine and vivacious personality made him a hit with regulars, politicians, and celebrities. Upon Alfredo's death in 1969, Gene became the sole proprietor of Gene & Georgetti until he died in 1989.

The Main Dining Room

Gene's daughter Marion married Tony Durpetti in 1969. They have one daughter, Michelle. Upon the death of Gene in 1989, although a CEO of his own national radio advertising firm, Tony and Marion did not want to see the restaurant leave the family, so they decided to purchase it from Marion's mother, Ida Michelotti. Now in its 80 years, the legacy of both Gene & Georgetti is honored, protected, and celebrated within three generations of Gene's family, the most recent being his granddaughter, Michelle, and grandson-in-law, Collin. This new generation dedicates itself to maintaining the traditions that both Georgetti and Gene started, but also to honor Tony and Marion and the rich Italian history that the entire family is so proud of."

The Fireside Room

Legends like Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, and Lucille Ball, as well as modern-day celebrities like Russell Crowe, Keanu Reeves, Vince Vaughn, and Will Ferrell, along with international, national, and local politicians, have helped make Gene & Georgetti a classic old-time Chicago place to dine. The restaurant proudly boasts a legion of regular customers, some going back more than 50 years.

Together with their daughter, Michelle Durpetti, and son-in-law, Collin Pierson, Tony, and Marion Durpetti, they proudly maintain the tradition of quality and service that has defined Gene and Georgetti for eight decades.

48 Oz, Prime Dry Aged, T-Bone ─ $155.00

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The T-bone steak is a cut of beef that includes two steaks in one: the sirloin and the tenderloin. The T-bone comes from the T-shaped bone separating the two steaks.

Here are the two cuts of meat you'll find on either side of the T-bone:

Sirloin (long, narrow side): This side is cut from the rear section of the animal, near the hip. Sirloin steak is known for its rich flavor and firm texture.

 

Tenderloin (short, wide side): This side is cut from the short loin section near the spine. Tenderloin steak is renowned for its buttery texture and mild flavor.

The aroma of sizzling meat and freshly baked bread wafted through the air as the doors opened, enticing passersby. Gene & Georgetti's menu boasted premium steaks, dry-aged to perfection, alongside traditional Italian-American dishes like pasta, seafood, and chicken parmesan. The restaurant's cozy ambiance, dark wood, white tablecloths, and vintage photographs made it an instant favorite among locals and businessmen.

Word spread quickly, and soon, Gene & Georgetti became the go-to spot for Chicago's elite. Politicians, mobsters, and Hollywood stars flocked to the restaurant, eager to savor its exceptional cuisine and rub shoulders with the city's powerbrokers. Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Sammy Davis Jr. were regulars, often enjoying private rooms and personalized service.

One fateful evening, Ol' Blue Eyes, Frank Sinatra, strolled into Gene & Georgetti, entourage in tow. He requested the "Round Table," a coveted spot reserved for the restaurant's most esteemed patrons. The room excitedly filled as he sipped his signature martini and devoured a mouthwatering filet mignon. The Rat Pack was in the house, and Gene & Georgetti was the place to be.

The Mural Dining Room

As the years passed, Gene & Georgetti continued to thrive, its reputation as a steakhouse of stars spreading far and wide. The restaurant weathered the ups and downs of the city's culinary scene, adapting to changing tastes while remaining true to its roots.

In 1999, Gene & Georgetti was designated a Chicago landmark, solidifying its place in the city's history. Today, the restaurant remains a beloved institution, still serving top-quality steaks and Italian-American cuisine to a new generation of foodies and celebrities.

As you step through the doors, the same warm ambiance and exceptional service envelop you, transporting you back to an era of glamour and sophistication. Gene & Georgetti's legacy is a testament to the power of good food, fine wine, and the enduring allure of old-school Chicago charm.

Gene & Georgetti

Edited by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.

Bartoli's Pizzeria, in Chicago's West Town and Roscoe Village Communities.

Bartoli Pizzeria

Brian Tondryk, the owner and founder of Bartoli's Pizzeria, deeply appreciates family tradition. Inspired by his grandfather, Fred Bartoli, who built a successful pizza empire, Brian aimed to create a similar experience for pizza enthusiasts. Growing up, he witnessed his grandfather's success in the pizza industry and learned the importance of perfecting a recipe.

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Here are some facts about the history of Chicago Created, Stuffed Pizza:

Stuffed pizza was inspired by the deep-dish pizzas that were already popular in Chicago. Nicknamed "Pizza Pie." 

The "Inventors" claim the base of their recipe is a family member's Easter Pie Recipes, aka "Scarcedda," which originated in Turin, Italy.

The 1970s marked the Golden Age of Pizza in Chicago. Legends were born: Gino's, Lou's, Pequod's, and Nancy’s Pizza. Many folks might think they know the true history of stuffed pizza (and who invented it), but few realize that, in 1971, the founders of Nancy’s sold the world’s first stuffed pizza.

Bartoli Pizzeria Deep Dish

Fred Bartoli, born in 1916 to Italian immigrants, was a WWII veteran who initially operated a taxi company before opening an Italian fine-dining restaurant with colleagues. Fred Bartoli co-founded Gino's East, a Chicago pizzeria, with Sam Levine and George Loverde in 1966

Recognizing an opportunity to capitalize on the untapped deep-dish pizza market, Fred perfected his recipe over generations, becoming a powerhouse in the industry. Brian added his Chicago flair to the family recipe, resulting in the delicious pizzas Bartoli's is known for today.

At Bartoli's, only the freshest ingredients are used, and the light, golden crust is the perfect base for the cheese, sauce, and toppings to harmonize. Whether you're in the mood for a classic deep-dish or a party-cut thin crust, Bartoli's has something for everyone. With its rich family history and commitment to quality, Bartoli's has established itself as a staple in Chicago's pizza scene.

Bartoli Pizzeria Deep Dish

 

AWARDS

2013 – Top Five Deep Dish in Chicago, Eater Chicago

2015 – Steve Dolinsky "Top Picks For Chicago Pizza" #1 in Chicago, ABC 7

2015 – Chicago's Best Pizza, Chicago Magazine

2015 – Top 10 Criminally Underrated Pizza Joints, Chicago Tribune

2016 – Bartoli's Pizzeria, Chicago's Best Episode

2016 – Best Pizza in Chicago, Chicago Tribune

2016 – Chicago's 25 Iconic Pizzerias, Eater Chicago

2016 – Top 5 Best Deep Dish Restaurants, Shermans Travel

2017 – 2018 – 2019; Chicago Pizza Party: Bartoli's Voted #1 Pizza By Attendees

2017 – Chicago's 30 Most Iconic Pizzerias, Eater Chicago

2017 – The Best Chicago Deep-Dish Pizza Places, Thrillist

2017 – Best Pizza in Chicago, Food&Wine

2019 – The Best Deep Dish in Chicago, Serious Eats

2019 – Chicago's Best Pizza, 10 Best USA Today

2020 – The Essential Deep Dish Pizza Restaurants in Chicago, Eater Chicago

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.

Edwardo's Pizza Restaurants: A Failing Chicago Institution.

Edward "Eddie" Jacobson founded Edwardo's Pizza in 1978 after leaving Giordano's employment. The first Edwardo's Pizza Restaurant opened on the far north side of Chicago in the Rogers Park community, and a year later, on the south side in Hyde Park, he opened his second location. The original Edwardo's Pizza location was a small, cozy spot with red-and-white checkered tablecloths and vintage Italian posters adorning the walls. Eddie's wife, Marie, helped with the cooking, while their children, Mark and Lisa, assisted with serving customers. The family's warmth and hospitality quickly made Edwardo's a neighborhood favorite.

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Here are some facts about the history of stuffed pizza in Chicago:

Stuffed pizza was inspired by the deep-dish pizzas that were already popular in Chicago. Nicknamed the "Pizza Pie." 

The Inventors claim the base of their recipe is a family member's Easter Pie Recipes, known as "Scarciedda," which were made in Turin, Italy.

The 1970s marked the Golden Age of Pizza in Chicago. Legends were born: Gino's, Lou's, Pequod's, and Nancy’s Pizza. Many folks might think they know the true history of stuffed pizza (and who invented it), but few realize that, in 1971, the founders of Nancy’s sold the world’s first stuffed pizza. 

Eddie's journey began many years earlier. He grew up in Chicago, surrounded by the sights, smells, and tastes of traditional Italian cuisine. His family's kitchen was always filled with the aroma of freshly baked bread, simmering sauces, and melting mozzarella. Here, Eddie developed his secret recipe, passed down through his family of Italian cooks.

Edwardo's Pizza

Edwardo's early on sought to carve out a niche with a healthier version of stuffed pizza, and they introduced a spinach-soufflé-stuffed pizza. They also grew basil and oregano hydroponically in each of their stores. In the early 1980s, Edwardo tried out a whole-wheat crust (available on pizza orders for an extra cost). They were also known to make use of San Marzano tomatoes, a plum tomato variety, for their pizza sauce. San Marzano tomatoes are grown in the volcanic soil near Mount Vesuvius in Italy, which is rich in nutrients and minerals, giving the tomatoes a distinctive sweetness and low acidity, offering a balanced flavor profile with a blend of sweetness, rich tomato intensity, and a pleasant level of acidity.

Edwardo's Pizza Slice

By 1984, when Jacobson entered into a relationship with Chicago real estate investors Ivan and Jeffrey Himmel, Edwardo's had six locations. Soon thereafter, Edwardo's expanded to Minneapolis and Milwaukee. 

As the pizzeria's popularity grew, so did its reputation. Foodies and locals raved about the thick, crispy crust made with a special flour, water, and cornmeal blend. The sauce added a tangy, slightly sweet flavor profile. Melted mozzarella cheese, applied in generous portions, completed the classic combination.

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Stuffed Pizza is a Chicago creation. 

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Edwardo's Pizza expanded to new locations across the city, solidifying its status as a beloved Chicago institution. Critics and patrons alike praised the pizzeria's consistency, flavor, and value. Edwardo's received numerous accolades, including "Best Pizza in Chicago" awards from local publications and a spot on the Food Network's "Top 10 Pizzerias in the Country" list.

In the meantime, Himmels's company took over Edwardo's entirely and expanded its food empire to include Gino's East. Edwardo's has suffered some setbacks in recent years, but today, there are still nine locations, seven of which are in the Chicago area, one on the outskirts of Milwaukee, and another in Muncie, Indiana.

There's been talk that Edwardo's quality has been dropping in recent years. People say it's definitely the weakest of Chicago's major Deep-Dish Pizza chains. 

Recently, there have been many negative comments about Edwardo's:

"I'd have to say it is definitely the weakest of the major Deep-Dish Stuffed Pizza chains in Chicago. The crust on the deep dishe pizza was generally crisp but also bland. The sauce was overly sweet and the cheese didn't really stand out at all. The meat toppings (sausage, pepperoni, bacon and Canadian bacon) were also mediocre at best, and in the case of the sausage, downright embarrassing." Anonymous 2024

"The BBQ Beef special (with sliced Italian beef, Monterrey Jack cheese, red onions, green peppers and BBQ sauce) was ordered on a whim and was entirely missable." Anonymous 2024

Eddie's children and grandchildren became involved in the family business as the years passed, ensuring that the tradition of quality and authenticity continued. Mark, Eddie's son, took over as head chef, introducing new menu items while remaining true to the original sauce recipe. Lisa, Eddie's daughter, managed the front of the house, welcoming customers with the same warmth and hospitality that had defined the pizzeria from its early days.

Today, Edwardo's Pizza remains a family-owned and operated business, with Eddie's grandchildren, Alex and Mia, helping with daily operations. The pizzeria continues to innovate, offering new specials and menu items while remaining committed to its heritage and the traditional Italian cuisine that has made it a Chicago staple.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.

Lou Malnati's Pizzeria History. (1971—Present)

Lou Malnati's Deep Dish Pizza

Lou and Jean Malnati founded Lou Malnati's Pizzeria in Lincolnwood, IL, on March 17, 1971. The restaurant thrived despite a car crashing through the dining room wall on opening day.

Expansion followed, but the third location in Flossmoor faced logistical challenges (50 miles from Lincolnwood HQ), leading to temporary closure. Lou's son Marc joined Jean, and they overcame obstacles, upholding the family's tradition of excellence.

Lou Malnati's Pizza Slice.

The Malnatis have been dedicated to giving back and hosting annual charity events, including Lou Malnati's Cancer Research Benefit, which has raised over $3.5 million for cancer research. The family's legacy continues to inspire, and their beloved pizzerias remain a beacon of warmth and community.

In the 2000s, Lou Malnati expanded nationwide with its "Priority Pizza" mail-order venture, partnering with iconic Chicago brands. It opened new locations, including its first out-of-state pizzeria in Phoenix in 2016, followed by locations in Indiana and Wisconsin.

With over 3,500 employees, Lou Malnati's is recognized as one of the Chicago Tribune's Top 100 Places to Work and a National Top Workplace. They continue to grow, exploring new markets and providing opportunities for their team to succeed. The spirit of generosity lives on through events like the annual Cancer Research Benefit and Thanksgiving food basket drive.

What Makes Lou Malnati's Special?

Lou Malnati's success comes from its commitment to quality. Every Lou Malnati pizza is handmade from scratch using the finest and freshest ingredients. The Malnati team hand-selects California vine-ripened tomatoes in California yearly for the perfect sweet and tangy taste. The exclusive sausage blend is seasoned to our exact specifications. The fresh mozzarella cheese comes from the same small dairy that has supplied Lou Malnati's for over 40 years. And our family's secret recipe for flaky, buttery crust has been passed down from generation to generation. You'll know with every bite that each pizza was made with care and special attention.

On A Personal Note:
From my dining experiences with dozens of popular and famous Chicagoland Pizza Restaurants, I know that only a few finer Pizzerias have their own sausage recipes to use in their restaurant. Pequod's had a local old Italian man make their recipe. It is the best sausage, better than I've ever had at any other pizza joint. Hands-Down! Who can vouch for my statement?

Lou Malnati's Location Opening Dates: 

1. March 17, 1971: Lincolnwood
2. November 16, 1971: Elk Grove Village
3. January 3, 1977: Flossmoor
4. June 22, 1981: Wilmette
5. February 1, 1982: Northbrook
6. October 22, 1985: Schaumburg
7. May 5, 1986: Chicago – River North
8. March 1, 1989: Buffalo Grove
9. September 15, 1992: Mount Prospect
10. February 14, 1994: Naperville – Downtown
11. April 12, 1995: Highland Park
12. November 8, 1995: Chicago – Lawndale
13. April 15, 1996: Park Ridge
14. October 1, 1996: Libertyville
15. June 2, 1997: Elmhurst
16. May 4, 1998: Palatine
17. November 24, 1998: Chicago – Lincoln Park
18. March 5, 1999: Carol Stream
19. January 22, 2001: Schaumburg – Barrington Road
20. February 14, 2001: Naperville – South 95th
21. November 14, 2001: Bloomingdale
22. May 8, 2003: Evanston
23. January 13, 2005: Grayslake/Gurnee
24. June 27, 2005: Western Springs
25. October 24, 2005: Geneva
26. April 6, 2007: Lake Zurich
27. August 29, 2007: Lakewood
28. August 16, 2007: Chicago – Bucktown/Wicker Park
29. March 5, 2008: Lake Forest
30. 2008: Chicago – South Loop
31. March 26, 2009: Tinley Park
32. September 30, 2010: Bolingbrook
33. July 4, 2011: Chicago – Gold Coast
34. February 28, 2011: Downers Grove
35. April 12, 2012: Joliet/Shorewood
36. November 8, 2012: Oak Lawn
37. June 20, 2013: Elgin
38. February 10, 2014: Oak Park
39. September 25, 2014: Palos Heights
40. October 20, 2014: Chicago – West Loop
41. May 4, 2015: Chicago – Lincoln Square/North Center
42. February 17, 2015: Oswego
43. June 6, 2015: Harwood Heights
44. August 21, 2015: Buzz Bait Taqueria
45. November 4, 2015: Cary
46. February 15, 2016: New Lenox
47. March 17, 2016: Chicago – Old Irving/Six Corners
48. 2016: Phoenix, AZ
49. December 2019: Fox Point, WI
50. January 2021: Greenfield, WI
51. August 2022: Brookfield, WI
52. August 2022: Oak Creek, WI

By Lou Malnati's Pizza Restaurants

Edited by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.