The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Illinois.

Tyrannosaurus Rex

No dinosaur bones or fossils have ever been discovered in Illinois -- for the simple reason that this state's geologic sediments were being eroded away, rather than actively deposited, during most of the Mesozoic Era [1] (250,000,000 BC to 65,000 BC). No dinosaur bones or fossils have been found in Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana or Ohio.

Still, Illinois can boast a significant number of amphibians and invertebrates dating to the Paleozoic Era [2] (541,000,000 BC to 251,900,000), as well as a handful of Pleistocene period (2,600,00 BC to 12,000 BC) pachyderms (Woolly Mammoths, Mastodons and other elephant type mammals). Illinois was geologically unproductive for much of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras (250,000,000 BC to 2,000,000 BC), hence the lack of fossils dating from this vast expanse of time.

Woolly Mammoths

American Mastodon

However, conditions improved tremendously during the Pleistocene period when herds of Woolly Mammoths and American Mastodons tramped across this state's endless plains (and left scattered fossil remains to be discovered, piecemeal, by 19th and 20th-century paleontologists).

Joe Devera has been an Illinois State Geological Survey geologist for over 30 years. "Other dinosaurs, such as T-Rex, could be found in Illinois, but they're covered up by vegetation and soil," he said. "People think of dinosaur bones out West because the ground is dry and eroded, and bones are much easier to find," Devera said he believes dinosaurs roamed the state during the Cretaceous period (145,000,000 BC to 66,000,000 BC).

Devera is particularly interested in finding the bones of duckbilled dinosaurs -- plant-eaters known as hadrosaurs -- because their remains have already been detected in northeastern Missouri. Devera said a researcher got "darn lucky" in Missouri and found dinosaur fossils when a well was being dug. Three kinds of dinosaur fossils have been found in Missouri: Hadrosaurs, Parrosaurus, and a small Tyrannosaurid (perhaps Albertosaurus).

After hours of research, I finally found Tyrannosaurus Rex bones in Illinois. It's SUE, the famous T. Rex we all know and love. 

SUE in the Main Hall of the Field Museum in Chicago.

She is no longer featured in the main entrance hall of the Field Museum in Chicago.

SUE is in Chicago's Griffin Halls of Evolving Planet of the Field Museum.

SUE is in her new home in the Griffin Halls of Evolving Planet display on the upper level of the Field Museum.

Is it possible to find dinosaur fossils in Illinois?

To find dinosaurs, you need Jurassic or Cretaceous-age rocks. Unfortunately, there are no Jurassic rock outcroppings in Illinois and very little Cretaceous. As you can see, there is just a tiny bit of dark green at the southern point of Illinois and an even smaller patch in western Illinois. These dark green colored locations are mapped as "Undifferentiated" Cretaceous -- which means their age has not been accurately determined yet. It's not hopeful. If the rocks contained common, well-preserved fossils, we would already know their age.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D. 

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[1] The Mesozoic Era includes the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods.

[2] The Paleozoic Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from 541,000,000 BC to 251,900,000, and is subdivided into six geologic periods: the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian.

V8 Vegetable Juice was created in Evanston, Illinois.

V8 Vegetable Juice was created by W.G. Peacock (1896-1948) in 1933 in Evanston, Illinois, the founder of the New England Products Company, which manufactured individual vegetable juices under the brand name Vege-min. The dominant juice in this mixture is tomato juice comprising nearly 87% of the total juice.

During World War II, a child purchases a can of V8, handing the grocer a ration book.

To try to boost sales, Peacock began experimenting with mixing the juices from different vegetables to improve the overall flavor. Eventually, he came up with the recipe for "Vege-min 8", which was later shortened to "V8" at the suggestion of a local grocery store in Evanston carrying the product. Peacock said he renamed the product V8 after the V8 engine, the most powerful engine at the time.

Ronald Reagan V8 Vegetable Juice Ad, 1952.

Ann Sheridan V8 Juice Ad.

Frank Constable of Chicago, who worked as a contractor for W.G. Peacock, developed a blended formula of vegetable juices from tomatoes, carrots, celery, beets, parsley, lettuce, watercress, and spinach with spices such as dill. His vegetable juice recipe has endured all these years as a saleable product that is still enjoyed today.

Shirley Temple V8 Vegetable Juice magazine advertisement.

Fred MacMurray V8 Vegetable Juice Ad.

Frank had a long career working in the grocery business. His mother and father owned a grocery store, and it was there that he learned about the food business. In his career, he also worked for Monarch Foods and was one of their best salesmen.

Dorothy Lamour Ad for V8 Juice. A famous 1931 Marshall Field & Co., Elevator Girl.

V8 Vegetable Juice ad from the Ladies Home Journal, 1947.

Rhonda Fleming, Hollywood Actress, 1940s

The V8 recipe was purchased by the Campbell Soup Company in 1948. Campbell's acquired the brand from the Charles Loudon Packing Company in Terre Haute, Indiana. It was the same year W.G. Peacock died, and Ronald Reagan was the leading spokesman for V8.

 

SLOGANS

• "Wow, It Sure Doesn't Taste like Tomato Juice!" (1960s)
• "Drink V8 & Keep Your Diet Straight!" (1990s–present)
• "Drink Smarter with V8." (2000–present)
• "Drink It. Feel It." (2003–2004)
• "Should've Had a V8." (1970s-1980s, 2009–present) ("Could've Had a V8." used in tandem)

INDEX TO MY ILLINOIS AND CHICAGO FOOD & RESTAURANT ARTICLES.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D. 

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle's ship, the 'Le Griffon' reportedly found in Lake Michigan."

In the 17th century, Europeans came to what they called the 'New World' and started divvying it up and parceling it out under the rubric of ‘exploration.’ One particular Frenchman was explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (Sieur du La Salle is a title translating to "Lord of the Manor") from a middle-class family. 

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1643-1687)

He built a ship named the 'Le Griffon' (the first ship built in America), sometimes spelled Griffin, launched on August 3, 1679, to explore Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River in search of a western passage to China. The Griffon was lost that same year.

The Le Griffon.

When La Salle (1643-1687) first came to New France (Canada) in 1666, he landed in Montreal, where the St. Sulpice Seminary was located. The priests were 'granting' their land to settlers upon easy terms. But La Salle was more fortunate than the ordinary settler because Gabriel Thubières de Levy de Queylus, superior of the seminary (a Sulpician priest from France who was a significant leader in the development of New France), made him a gratuitous grant of a large tract of land at a place subsequently named 'Lachine,' a settlement was located southwest of Montreal, above the great rapids of that name, and about nine miles north of Montreal (founded in 1642), just at the foot of what has since been called Lake Saint-Louis (Québec, Canada).

Some Iroquois Indians told La Salle of a great river, which they called the Ohio River (which turns out to be the Mississippi River), far to the west, which La Salle thought must flow into the Gulf of California and would thus give him the western passage to China he was seeking.

He ran out of money and sold some of his lands to make the journey to the western Great Lakes, where he spent some time. He later journeyed east again and returned to France in 1674, where King Louis XIV (b. Louis Dieudonné), known as 'Louis the Great' or 'The Sun King', granted him Fort Frontenac where the St. Lawrence River leaves Lake Ontario.

Fort Frontenac at Cataraqui (the original townsite of today's downtown Kingston, Ontario), 1685.

For thousands of miles around, on the American continent and in the Caribbean, had been the territory of the indigenous people before the arrival of Europeans.

La Salle went to Lake Erie in January of 1679 and began building his ship, the Griffon. While the ship was under construction, Seneca Indians planned to burn it. La Salle thwarted the plan, having received intelligence from an Indian woman. He launched the ship and began a journey across the Great Lakes from New York to Lake Michigan.

La Salle's expeditions routes. The exact course of some portion of his travels is unknown.

When La Salle arrived, later in 1679, at what is now Wisconsin, he decided to turn his ship and the furs aboard it over to the six crewmen, with the idea that they’d return to Frontenac to satisfy his creditors (as a Jesuit, La Salle was denied his inheritance by French law). He left the ship and men at Washington Island at the north end of the peninsula between Green Bay and Lake Michigan. LaSalle intended to visit the Illiniwek tribe.

The Griffon set sail for Niagara on September 18th. A favorable wind bore her from the harbor, and with a single gun, she bade adieu to her enterprising builder, who never saw her again. She carried a cargo valued with the vessel at fifty or sixty thousand francs (in furs pelts), obtained at great sacrifice of time and treasure. She was placed under the pilot's command, Luc, assisted by five good sailors, with directions to call at Mickili-Mackinac and, from there, proceed to the Niagara. Nothing more was heard of the Griffon.

It’s unknown if the ship sank or was burned by Indians, the Jesuits, or fur traders or how she was actually lost. However, La Salle thought Luc and the crew had sunk the Griffon.

After leaving the Griffon, La Salle went south to Louisiana on the Mississippi River. He later returned to France and then returned to Louisiana in 1682 on four ships with 228 colonists and claimed Louisiana. The text that follows is a translation of his proclamation, which utterly denies any ownership by the people whose ancestors lived there for millennia before the French arrived.

I, René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle, by virtue of His Majesty’s commission, which I hold in my hands, and which may be seen by all whom it may concern, have taken and do now take, in the name of His Majesty and of his successors to the crown, possession of the country of Louisiana, the seas, harbors, ports, bays, adjacent straits, and all the nations, peoples, provinces, cities, towns, villages, mines, minerals, fisheries, streams and rivers, within the extent of the said Louisana.

By February 1687, the 228 recruits were reduced to 36 people by sickness, shortage of supplies and clean water, and desertion. An article at the Canadian Museum of History website describes La Salle as “bad-tempered, haughty and harsh,” adding that “he alienated even those who had remained faithful to him to the end.” In what is now Texas, one of his party shot him at point-blank range, killing him. “It was the nineteenth of March, 1687. Three of his companions had been murdered just before him. The conspirators who committed the murders then set about killing one another,” the article says.

La Salle founded a settlement near the bay, which they called the 'Bay of Saint Louis' (St. Louis Bay is northeast of the Gulf of Mexico along the southwestern coast of Mississippi), on Garcitas Creek in the vicinity of present-day Victoria, Texas. By February of 1687, the 228 recruits were reduced to 36 people by sickness, shortage of supplies and clean water, and desertion. La Salle is described as bad-tempered, haughty, and harsh. He alienated even those who had remained faithful to him to the end. Some of La Salle's remaining 36 men mutinied, and on March 19, 1687, La Salle was shot at point-blank range by Pierre Duhaut during an ambush while talking to Duhaut's decoy, Jean L'Archevêque. Duhaut was killed to avenge La Salle. The remaining men in the party, afraid of retribution, killed each other, except for two. The settlement lasted only until 1688 when Karankawa-speaking Indians killed the 20 remaining adults and took five children as captives. Henri de Tonti sent out search missions in 1689 when he learned of the settlers' fate but failed to find survivors. The children of the colony were later recovered by the Spanish.

In 2006, Steve Libert of Muskegon, Michigan, announced that he thought he had located the Griffon.

In 2011, Frederick Monroe and Kevin Dykstra of Michigan seeking the treasure of $2 million in gold bullion," which legend says fell off a ferry in rough waters in the 1800s and sank. They located a shipwreck in northern Lake Michigan, announcing their find in December 2014. They speculated the ship was the Griffon but agreed more information was needed before it could be verified.

The shipwreck in Lake Michigan, which is claimed to be the Griffon.

“Other experts aren't convinced that the wreck is the Griffon. Rather, it may be the remnants of a tugboat that was scrapped after ‘steam engines became more economical to operate,’ said Brendon Baillod, a Great Lakes historian who has written scholarly papers on the Griffon,” according to LiveScience Magazine.

A mass on the shipwreck’s bow, which Monroe and Dykstra thought might be the Griffon's figurehead, was probably zebra mussels, an exotic shellfish with no natural predators in the Great Lakes and amass in huge numbers on any available surface.

Some 1,500 shipwrecks have been found in the Great Lakes. The Griffon is believed to be the first European-type ship to sail the Great Lakes.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.