The Biography of Overachiever, Colonel Rosell M. Hough (1819-1892).

In 1836 Elijah Hough (pronounced Huff) and his wife Electa, his daughter Cornelia, and two sons, Oramel and sixteen-year-old Rosell (spelled without an "e" on the end), moved into the Roselle and Bloomingdale area from Massachusetts.

Rosell worked as a butcher and supervisor in the Chicago meatpacking business until 1850, when he and his brother, Oramel, opened their own meatpacking plant on Halsted Street and Orange Avenue (79th Avenue). At the London Exposition of 1852, their beef won first prize for quality of "imported meat products," thus receiving a large contract for supplying beef to the English troops fighting in the Crimean War (1853-1856).

He was later a partner in the firm of Hough, Hills and Co., soap and candle manufacturers which, believe it or not, used the by-products from their meat packing company.

Rosell was elected and served as a Chicago alderman for the 2nd district from 1855 thru 1856. 

Rosell joined the Union Army on Septem­ber 10, 1861, with the rank of major. He served in Missouri, where he was wounded. He reenlisted June 13, 1862, with the rank of colonel. In 1864 Colonel Hough was active in recruiting volunteers for the army. With his help 6,000 men were recruited. 

Colonel Rosell M. Hough is seated in the middle.

After the Civil War, Colonel Hough was elected the first president of the Chicago Chamber of Commerce in 1864, and serving as a founder of the Chicago Union Stockyards and supervised its construction until opened in June of 1865. Rosell retired from the meat packing business.

When President Lincoln's funeral train arrived in Chicago on the way to Springfield, Rosell led the funeral procession on May 1, 1865, marching on Michigan Boulevard. It was estimated that 37,000 people marched and 150,000 lined route.

President Lincoln’s Funeral Procession in Chicago on May 1, 1865.
Harper’s Weekly Magazine.

Rosell was founder and president of the "Chicago and Pacific Railroad Company" which was organize in 1865 by a special act of the Legislature of Illinois.  

In 1868 when Rosell returned to the Roselle and Bloomingdale area, he found things changing. Cotton production in the South had all but stopped as an aftermath of the Civil War. There was a demand for cloth that could be produced from flax. Roselle began growing this crop on land he had bought from his father, Elijah, before his death in 1851.

Photograph claimed to be the Hough house in on Prospect Street in Roselle/Bloomingdale. Year unknown.

Rosell established the "Illinois Linen Company" which manufactured linen and rope. The factory was located in Bloomingdale on the northwest corner of Chicago and Elgin Road (in 1891 the name changed to Elgin Avenue, then later to Irving Park Road) and Roselle Road, across the road from Henry Holstein's Grist Mill.

Vacant Illinois Linen Factory. Circa 1908.

Vacant Illinois Linen Factory. Circa 1908.

As President of the Chicago and Pacific Railroad, Col. Hough was able to influence the route. He saw future growth for his linen factory if the train would come through Wood Dale, Itasca, Medinah, and Roselle instead of Addison and Bloomingdale. It is rumored that he paid $10,000 to have the survey changed so the train line would go through Roselle, Illinois.

Rosell hired ex-convicts and ruffians from Chicago as laborers and built boarding houses near the factory to accommodate the factory workers. Their notorious drinking and fighting earned the town the nickname “Raise Hell.” One boarding house was nicknamed "The Beehive” because of the number of people living there and the amount of in-and-out foot traffic.

"The Beehive” so named due to the number of people who lived there. Inside was kitchen, a parlor, and bedrooms with two and three-tiered bunk beds in them. The residence, located at about 25 South Roselle Road was built in the 1870's by Rosell Hough as an Inn/Boarding House for workers in his flax factory. The house was razed in 1973.

The village was first platted and offically named Roselle in 1875 and incorporated on October 7, 1922.

Colonel Hough stayed in Roselle until 1880, at which time he sold his business interests in this area Hough then settled in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where he had a cattle company and land holdings. In declining health, the Colonel returned to Chicago in 1890, where he died March 8, 1892. Rosell had no children.

In 1895 the flax factory was shut down. Cotton was once again king in the South; moreover the Roselle soil had become exhausted after its many years of growing flax. These two reasons rendered the flax factory useless.

The building was converted to a tile and brick company by Chicago businessmen who had purchased the property. By 1900 the clay that had been found in the area also gave out, and the brick and tile company was closed. The building sat vacant until it was razed sometime in the 1920's.

Vacant Brickyard Company Factory. Photograph Circa 1908.

Rosell M. Hough and Wife are entombed at the Old Union Cemetery in Lincoln, Illinois.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D. 

Henry Holstein and his Grist Mill in Bloomingdale, Illinois.

Henry Holstein was born in Hanover, Germany, on December 22, 1821, eldest son of John H. and Maria (Boss) Holstein. John H. was a farmer, and died in his native land in 1862, aged sixty-five years. He had two sons and five daughters—Louisa, Fred and our subject. Louisa is the wife of Louis Homeir, of Addison Township, and Fred resided with her. 

Henry was raised a farmer, and remained with his parents until fourteen years of age, when he went to learn the miller's trade. In the spring of 1849, he came to America, arriving in Baltimore the end of May. The next month, he came to Addison Township, where he worked at farming, and afterward went to Cook County. The next year, he returned to Addison and rented land from Deitrich Stuckmann, where he continued thirteen years.

The wind-powered grist mill purchased from Mr. Colbury. This drawing of Henry Holstein's residence and mill was shown in the 1874 Atlas Map of DuPage County, Illinois.

He then moved to the unincorporated Bloomingdale area in 1863 where Holstein bought 114 acres of land at today's Schick and Bloomingdale Roads, costing $2,600, and lived there until 1874.

He moved again, just north of the village of Bloomingdale (incorporated 1889; re-incorporated 1923), where he bought the land and old wind-powered mill (Note: windmill build date is unknown) owned by Mr. Colbury. The land included the intersection of Chicago and Elgin Road (in 1891 the name changed to Elgin Avenue, then later to Irving Park Road) and Roselle Road (Roselle, Illinois, incorporated in 1922).

1874 Bloomingdale Township Map - Approximate location for Holstein's house and mill.

The mill was one of the largest in the area and designed for large-scale production, built with a wing building, presumably used for shipping or receiving. It was constructed with a foundation of stone, a wide base, and a self-governing tail fan to turn the cap.

Henry Holstein's residence and mill. The windmill was on the southeast corner of Irving Park Road and Roselle Road. The Holstein house was on the southwest corner.
(The exact location provided by the "Illinois State Library.")

Holstein hired experienced German miller Henry Raap to operate and maintain the mill. As experienced as Raap was, he narrowly escaped death when a tornado heavily damaged the Holstein Windmill in 1879.

Holstein did not reopen his mill for business until 1882 after painstakingly reconstructing it with improvements. He added a third run of millstones to increase the mill’s capacity.

Soon after reopening, however, Holstein sold the mill to a man named Steinbeck. Steinbeck hired Herman Schmoldt to operate the mill with Raap. When a steam engine was installed, Raap left to work for the railroad. The mill was destroyed by another tornado in 1899; this time, however, the mill was not rebuilt, but rather “capped” and served the rest of its life as a grain storage space.

Henry Holstein's mill after it was hit by a second tornado in 1899, destroying the top of the windmill.

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D. 

The Krupp Gun Pavilion at the 1893 Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition: The world's largest gun.

Friedrich "Fritz" Alfred Krupp

Friedrich Alfred Krupp (1854–1902) was known as the wealthiest man in Germany at the time of the World's Columbian Exposition, and his estimated worth was over 125 million dollars ($3.6 Trillion today) with a personal annual income of $10 million ($288 Million today). The Friedrich Krupp cast steel company was started by his grandfather in 1811 in Essen, Germany, passed to his father Alfred Krup", "The Canon King," and became his upon father's death in 1887. During this time, the Krupp family was also the largest employer in Germany, with an estimated 45,000 employees.

Friedrich Alfred Krupp was known as "Fritz" since the age of 14 and was nothing like his father and grandfather, at least not at first glance. While his father Alfred was known as a stern industrialist and actively involved in the political activities of Germany, Fritz was more interested in natural science, generosity, and suffered from asthma, which was more than likely the result of growing up around the poor air quality which surrounded the steel making factories. At one point, his father had thought of disowning him and naming one of his nephews as heir, but eventually, Fritz reluctantly gave in to his father's wishes and took over when his father passed in 1887. While the Krupp empire was involved in many aspects of metal manufacturing, the tools of war, specifically the Krupp canons, made the Krupp name world-renowned.

THE  TWO  KRUPP  COMPANIES:

KRUPP  CAST  STEEL  COMPANY, founded  1811. 

KRUPP'S  HOUSEHOLD  APPLIANCE   MANUFACTURERS,

founded 1846.       (Coffee  Grinding & Brewing Machines)

The 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition was the perfect venue to show off the metalworking prowess bearing the Krupp name, and Krupp spent a good amount of his own money on it.

The Krupp Gun Pavilion (also known as the Krupp Gun Exhibit) was impressive on its own. It was created to cross between a fortress. The Krupp family home since 1873. 

German architects decided to use timber and steel rather than white plaster for the majority of buildings in White City. The style of the building was also unique; historical and regional forms were mixed so that the building as a whole embodied the entire German aesthetic.

SIDEBAR

("Agatite" Avenue, Chicago, named for?)

The  Name "Agatite," Mystery Finally Solved!

The entrance hall was 138 feet long by 25 feet wide by 30 feet high, while the main exhibit hall was 197 feet long by 82 feet wide by 43 feet high. It was located between the replica of the Convent La Rabida and the Leather Exhibit just south of the moving sidewalk and Casino Building. This area is currently occupied by the La Rabi Children's Hospital. The structure cost Krupp upwards of 1.5 million dollars to erect and about the same amount to transport to and from the fair. The pavilion housed tools of war and peace, but the big gun drew the crowds.

The $1.5 Million Krupp Pavilion, 1893 World's Columbian  Exposition.

Known as the most extensive canon in the world, the canon barrel weighed just over 240,000 pounds, was 46 feet long, 6.5 feet in diameter at the breech and the muzzle opening (the caliber of the gun was 16.54 inches). According to a Krupp representative, it could fire a 2,000-pound projectile over a distance of 13 miles (Krupp literature claimed only 5.5 miles). When using the shrapnel version, the 1-ton shell would explode 3400 steel balls weighing about a quarter-pound each. You did not want to be on the receiving end of this artillery piece. The gun cost Krupp about $200,000 to produce and $80,000 to transport to the U.S. At the end of the fair,  Krupp offered the weapon to the U.S. military for $223,000, including the turret and all mountings. The U.S. quickly rejected the offer because they believed the gun was too dangerous and too expensive to operate at $1,500 per shot.

Inside the main exhibit hall of the Krupp Pavilion, showcasing two of the world's largest steel canons. It had been said that both worked poorly. 

There was also a rumor that Krupp was going to donate the gun to the City of Chicago, and the city, in turn, was going to use it in a fort which was going to be placed opposite Hyde Park on five acres of the parks land which would have had a clear view of the lakefront from the Evanston lighthouse to Calumet Lake. That rumor was quickly proven to be false.

Aside from the spectacular guns, Krupp introduced the Expo crowds to something that they had not experienced before, indoor air-conditioning. People had often entertained the idea of cooling a building in warm temperatures, much like heating a building in cool temperatures, but up to this point, they had not seen such a device in actual service.

Krupp Gun Exhibit Building is located across the water. [today's Navy Pier]

Krupp had two "Glacier Fountains," as they were called, in the main exhibit hall on the northeast and southwest corners. He had used these cooling devices at his cast steelworks at Essen, Germany, since 1890 and were designed and engineered there between 1884 and 1886 by Dr. William Raydt of Hanover. The fountains sprayed freshwater upward and, over a series of copper coils that contained salt water, cooled to a point below freezing. As the water froze to the coils, it created a block of ice that cooled more of the freshwater and, subsequently, the air surrounding the water, which then dropped to the ground, making more room for warm air and creating a circulating cooling effect. The refrigeration machine used to cool the water used carbonic acid and was designed and patented by Dr. Raydt. During the warm months of the fair, you could see people placing their hands close to the fountain to cool themselves, like you would see people trying to warm themselves next to a stove. 

Krupp was ahead of his time in how he treated his employees. Around the world, there was a growing distrust between employees and employers, but Krupp was a leader in employee relations. He built entire colonies or towns for his employees. He provided them with family housing, bachelor housing, schools, libraries, parks, hospitals, and gymnasiums. He also created a pension fund for those who achieved 20 years of service, a disability pension fund for those hurt in the performance, and a fund for the widows and children of workers who had died. He also set up the predecessor of our 401(k) by having workers opt to invest 3% of their income, and the company would match 100% of their contributions.

Additionally, he paid for a retirement home for the elderly among the retired. He did all this to create a sense of loyalty and family among his workforce. Oddly enough, all of this benevolence toward his employees created contention between the Krupps and the Socialist Democratic Party, which thrived and gained support based on vilifying big business, which generally did not treat their employees well. This could have ultimately led to his undoing.

After the Expo ended,  Krupp dismantled his pavilion, and by the third week of March 1894, it was on its way back to Germany by Steamer.

NOTE: I doubt the Krupp Pavilion was reconstructed in Germany. Most likely, the steel and other building materials that were saved and packed up were used for other purposes.

Krupp merged with Thyssen AG in 1999, creating Thyssen Krupp AG, a leading global manufacturer of steel, construction materials, automotive parts and assemblies, and industrial and mechanical services. Thyssen Krupp AG also produces amusement and sports items such as sparklers (fireworks), bobsleds, and protective glass (polycarbonate) panels for ice hockey rinks. 

By Ray Johnson ©
Edited by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.