Kate Sturges Buckingham was one of the great women in Chicago's history.

Kate Buckingham died in her home at 2450 North Lakeview Avenue on December 12, 1937, at 79. She was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Zanesville, Ohio, alongside her parents, brother, and sister.

Kate Sturges Buckingham

In announcing Miss Kate Sturges Buckingham's passing, the Chicago Tribune noted, "She was godmother to the Art Institute; the collections for which it's most famous were her gifts. She was the godmother of the opera; at the time of her death, she was a guarantor. She was godmother to some 200 or more music and art students. She was a heavy donor to the Field Museum, numerous Chicago charities, and many nameless Chicagoans."

Despite being one of the wealthiest women in the United States and one of the most generous individuals in a city blessed with a long procession of altruistic citizens, Miss Buckingham preferred that no credit come to her for her many contributions. Later in life, she ordered her name removed from the Social Register, severely limiting her circle of friends.

Miss Buckingham was born on August 3, 1858, the eldest daughter of Ebenezer and Lucy Buckingham in Zanesville, Ohio. Her mother's father, Solomon Sturges, brought the family to Chicago in the 1850s. At that time, the Sturges and Buckingham families controlled a string of grain elevators in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and along the Erie Canal. It was sound business sense to move to Chicago, and in 1850, Miss Buckingham's great uncle, Alvah Buckingham, constructed the first grain elevator in the city.

Everything that the Buckingham and Sturges families owned was obliterated in the Great Fire of 1871, their homes on the north side of the city, their grain elevators along the river, the first of many tragedies that would become a motif that ran through Miss Buckingham's life.

A second Chicago Fire in 1874 gave rise to one of the earliest examples of Miss Buckingham's generosity. After that second conflagration, the 15-year-old Kate launched a drive to raise funds for a Christmas party to bring some measure of joy to children in the Cook County hospital.

The Tribune describes the effort... "On Christmas Eve, the Christmas tree, heavily laden with gifts, was set up in the children's ward, and its many candles were lit. Tragedy swiftly followed. The burning candles started a fire through some mishap, and the tree and all its Christmas largesse burned down. Bur young Miss Buckingham, nothing deterred, set forth to raise a new amount of money, enough for gifts for each child. And did."

The family relocated their home to Prairie Avenue, the city's most select street, and the family business, J & E Buckingham, prospered beyond measure. In 1882, Miss Buckingham's father also built a grand home in Lake Forest. Still, despite its location on a bluff above Lake Michigan, the family continued to make its principal home in Chicago.

It was in the Prairie Avenue home that Kate and her sister, Lucy Maud, were educated. It was in this home that Lucy Buckingham died in 1889, and it was there that Kate's sister became increasingly incapacitated. From the house, Clarence Buckingham, Kate's brother, and their father expanded the family's enterprises to include banking, insurance, steel manufacturing, and real estate.

The family's affiliation with the Art Institute began in the 1890s when Clarence, impressed by the Japanese art exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, began collecting Japanese prints. Ebenezer died in 1911, Clarence died just over a year later, and Lucy Maud lived in increasingly poorer health until 1920. All the losses must have further isolated Kate, a woman left alone in a house that her mother, father, sister, and brother had shared for her whole adult life.

She continued to collect art, though, following her brother's lead. Clarence had been a governing member of the Art Institute of Chicago for three decades and a member of the Board of Trustees for a dozen. [Scultz & Hast] After her sister's death, Kate Buckingham gave her entire collection of Japanese prints, etchings and engravings, Chinese pottery and porcelain, Persian miniatures, Chinese ritual bronzes, and Italian silver, and English lusterware to the institute. [The Frick Collection.]

She also furnished the Art Institute's Gothic room in memory of her sister and finished the Jacobean Room at the museum in the name of her parents. In 1925, she also gave her brother's entire collection of fourteen hundred sheets of Japanese prints to the museum.

Miss Buckingham also wrote a check to the Art Institute to be used for a great monument to Alexander Hamilton. Of course, her most memorable contribution was the donation that allowed the construction of the great [Buckingham] Fountain in Grant Park, dedicated to her brother, along with a $300,000 endowment to provide for its maintenance.

The Buckingham Fountain was donated by Kate Buckingham in honor of her brother Clarence in 1927. The fountain was the largest in the world when it was built and is still one of the largest. Edward H. Bennett designed the monument with French sculptor Marcel Loyau and engineer Jacques H. Lambert.

The fountain was meant to represent Lake Michigan and the four states that touch the lake - Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. The fountain is constructed of Georgia pink marble. To give a vision of the fountain's size - the bottom pool is 280 feet in diameter, and the 2nd basin is 103 feet. The upper basin is 25 feet wide, and the basin is 25 feet above the lower basin.

But here is something else that resulted from her generosity, which most people are unaware of. On February 12, 1912, Kate Buckingham bought a property of 81 acres in the Berkshire Mountains of Massachusetts. It was not far from where a 55-room "cottage," which her father had built near Pittsfield, Massachusetts, stood until it burned to the ground in 1899.

On the new piece of land, Kate Buckingham built Bald Hill Farm. After her death, the farm, to which another 80 acres had been added, was sold to Serge and Natalie Koussevitzky. Mr. Koussevitzky was the conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a man who dreamed of creating a summer musical festival for the symphony. In 1978, after the death of Koussevitzky, the organization purchased the property, and it now lies at the heart of the Tanglewood Music Festival.

When she died, Kate Buckingham left a half million dollars to friends and relatives. She left another $126,000 to her maid, chauffeur, children of her caretaker, her nurses, doormen, and elevator men at the Lakeview cooperative building. In today's dollars, those gifts would total over nine million dollars. She left another $3.1 million for art and cultural organizations, including two million for the Art Institute of Chicago.

The Tribune article that conveyed the news of Kate Buckingham's death ended with "a well-authenticated anecdote" dealing with "one of her rare visits to the Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, in which she was an important stockholder."

"On this occasion," the story went, "she stopped at the cashier's cage to get money. She had no identification papers, and the teller asked if anyone in the bank could identify her. She cast a brief, flashing glance around the nearby desks. 'They're all dead,' she snapped."

Compiled by Dr. Neil Gale, Ph.D.